As an important component of the passive safety system of new
energy vehicles, the design and material selection of the
anti-collision beam directly affect the vehicle's ability to
protect passengers in collision accidents. The following is a
detailed introduction to the anti-collision beam of new energy
vehicles:
1, The role and importance of anti-collision beams
Anti collision beams, especially the front and rear anti-collision
beams, are key components in the body structure of new energy
vehicles. Their main function is to absorb and disperse impact
energy in the event of a vehicle collision, reduce the impact on
the body structure, thereby protecting the integrity of the
passenger compartment and reducing the risk of injury to
passengers. In addition, the collision beam can also protect
important front or rear components of the vehicle to a certain
extent, such as battery packs, motors, etc., to avoid serious
damage in collisions.
2, Material selection for anti-collision beams
There are various material options for the anti-collision beam of
new energy vehicles, including low carbon steel, aluminum alloy,
carbon fiber composite materials, etc. Low carbon steel is widely
used due to its low cost and good processing performance, but its
relatively large weight is not conducive to the lightweighting of
vehicles. Aluminum alloy has become an ideal material for collision
beams in new energy vehicles due to its low density, high strength,
and good corrosion resistance. Although carbon fiber composite
materials have extremely high strength and stiffness, they are
expensive and difficult to process. Currently, they are mainly used
in high-end car models.
3, Structural Design of Anti collision Beam
The structural design of anti-collision beams for new energy
vehicles usually considers the following aspects:
Section shape: The section shape of the anti-collision beam has a
significant impact on its anti-collision performance. Common
cross-sectional shapes include "mouth" shape, "day" shape, "eye"
shape, etc. Among them, the cross sections of the "day" and "eye"
shapes are more stable in structure and can more effectively absorb
and disperse impact energy.
Thickness and width: The thickness and width of the anti-collision
beam directly affect its anti-collision ability. Generally
speaking, the thicker and wider the thickness, the better the
anti-collision performance of the beam. But this will also increase
the weight of the vehicle, which is not conducive to lightweight
design. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably control the
thickness and width of the anti-collision beam while ensuring its
anti-collision performance.
Connection and fixation: The connection method between the
anti-collision beam and the vehicle body is usually bolted or
welded. Bolt connections are easy to disassemble and replace, but
there may be a certain risk of loosening. Welding connections are
more stable, but once damaged, the cost of replacement is higher.
Energy absorption design: Anti collision beams are usually equipped
with energy absorbing structures such as energy absorbing boxes to
absorb more energy during collisions and reduce the impact on the
vehicle structure.
4, Technological innovation and development trend of anti-collision
beams
With the continuous development of new energy vehicle technology,
the design of anti-collision beams is also constantly innovating.
For example, some car models have begun to adopt active collision
beam technology, which monitors obstacles around the vehicle in
real time through sensors and control systems, and automatically
adjusts the position or shape of the collision beam when necessary
to improve collision safety. In addition, lightweight design is
also one of the important trends in the development of
anti-collision beams. By adopting new materials, new processes and
other means, the weight of the collision beam is continuously
reduced to improve the fuel economy or endurance of the vehicle.
5, Summary
As an important component of the passive safety system of new
energy vehicles, the design and material selection of the
anti-collision beam directly affect the vehicle's ability to
protect passengers in collision accidents. Through reasonable
material selection, optimized structural design, and continuous
technological innovation, the anti-collision performance and
lightweight level of the anti-collision beam can be significantly
improved, providing strong guarantees for the safety and economy of
new energy vehicles.
